Background:
In quantum theory, as long as a particle remains unobserved, it seems to spread out like a wave; interfering with itself and other particles to be in a ‘superposition’ of states, as though in many places or possessing multiple values of an attribute at once. Only when we measure it do we see a single, particle-like state with definite values.
Its behaviour is characterized by its wavefunction: a mathematical expression describing its quantum state and how it evolves. The probability of the particle being observed in a given location, for instance, can be derived from the wavefunction.
Some researchers think that the wavefunction at least partially describes some kind of physical reality.
Others think this isn't true. The wavefunction is a useful mathematical tool but doesn't necessarily reflect anything real or physical.
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